Try not to wear your vocal cords out. Don't sing every day for hours on end without taking breaks and drinking water. Screaming and shouting will put stress on your precious "equipment", and make sure you're using proper singing technique.
If you know you're going to be singing a lot try not to talk too much during the day and speak softly.
If you're sick, avoid singing or talking too much. Your cords are already sore, don't make it worse.
Learn proper breath control. It'll make your singing more powerful, you'll have more stamina, and you won't damage your vocal cords. A vocal coach can show you how.